All Issue

2023 Vol.56, Issue 4 Preview Page

Short communication

Evaluation of Crop Growth and Soil Chemical Properties in Cadmium Contaminated Soil Using Biochar Derived from Rendered Animal Carcass Residues
Jin Ju Yun1
,
Dong-Won Lee2
,
Jae-Hong Shim3
,
Sang-Ho Jeon3
,
Yun-Hae Lee4
,
Soon-Ik Kwon4
,
Jong-Hwan Park5
,
Se-won Kang6
,
Ju Sik Cho6*
,
Seong-Heon Kim3*
1Postdoctoral Associates, Soil and Fertilizer Management Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
2Assistant Researcher, Soil and Fertilizer Management Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
3Researcher, Soil and Fertilizer Management Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
4Senior Researcher, Soil and Fertilizer Management Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
5Professor, Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
6Professor, Department of Bio-Environmental Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
*Corresponding Author
30 November 2023. pp. 533-543
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Rendering process is known as a quick and stable method that copes with dead livestock by extracting and purifying the animal’s fat and others through the heat treatment at high temperature and with high pressure. However, a large amount of solid byproducts equivalent to 15% of the weight of carcasses after this process are discharged, and some of them are provided as livestock feed and compost, but others are landfilled since the processed byproducts must go through the secondary process again. It is judge that RACR (rendering animal carcass residue) has a high utilization value since it is composed of protein and bone tissues and a very high domestic applicability as it can secure a rich amount of it. Therefore, in this study, the effects of biochar derived from rendered animal carcass residues were evaluation on crop growth characteristics and soil chemical properties in cadmium contaminated soil. The results of pot experiment showed the process with RACR-C (rendering animal carcass residue biochar) had the effect of soil amendment that increased the pH, organic content, available phosphate, and cation exchange capacity in the contaminated soil. In addition, the analysis of phyto-availability of cadmium by 1 M NH4NO3 sampling method showed there was an effect of reducing cadmium transfer by 26 to 98% depending on the amount of processed biochar compared to the untreated control plot and also effective in promoting the growth of radish, such as fresh weight, leaf number. Thus, it is judged that the biochar produced with the rendering animal carcass residue biochar can be applicable as a soil stabilizer during the process of cadmium-contaminated soil, and eco-friendly and economically efficient in terms of waste resource recycling.

Phytoavailability of Cd by 1 M NH4NO3 extraction in soil after plant harvest.
Keywords
Biochar
Cadmium contaminated soil
Crop growth
Rendering animal carcass residue
Soil chemical property
References
1
Ahmad, M., A.U. Rajapaksha, J.E. Lim, M. Zhang, N. Bolan, D. Mohan, and Y.S. Ok. 2014a. Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review. Chemosphere 99:19-33. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.07124289982
2
Ahmad, M., S.S. Lee, J.E. Lim, S.E. Lee, J.S. Cho, D.H. Moon, and Y.S. Ok. 2014b. Speciation and phytoavailability of lead and antimony in a small arms range soil amended with mussel shell, cow bone and biochar: EXAFS spectroscopy and chemical extractions. Chemosphere 95:433-441. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.07724183621
3
Ahmad, M., S.S. Lee, X. Dou, D. Mohan, J.K. Sung, J.E. Yang, and Y.S. Ok. 2012. Effects of pyrolysis temperature on soybean stover-and peanut shell-derived biochar properties and TCE adsorption in water. Bioresour. Technol. 118:536-544. 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.04222721877
4
Almaroai, Y.A., A.R. Usman, M. Ahmad, D.H. Moon, J.S. Cho, Y.K. Joo, and Y.S. Ok. 2014. Effects of biochar, cow bone, and eggshell on Pb availability to maize in contaminated soil irrigated with saline water. Environ. Earth Sci. 71:1289-1296. 10.1007/s12665-013-2533-6
5
Almaroai, Y.A., A.R. Usman, M. Ahmad, K.R. Kim, D.H. Moon, S.S. Lee, and Y.S. Ok. 2012. Effects of synthetic chelators and low-molecular-weight organic acids on chromium, copper, and arsenic uptake and translocation in maize (Zea mays L.). Soil Sci. 177:655-663. 10.1097/SS.0b013e31827ba23f
6
Baker, A.J.M., R.D. Reeves, and A.S.M. Hajar. 1994. Heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in British populations of the metallophyte Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl (Brassicaceae). New Phytol. 127:61-68. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04259.x33874394
7
Bolan, N.S., D.C. Adriano, P. Duraisamy, A. Mani, and K. Arulmozhiselvan. 2003. Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. I. Effect of phosphate addition. Plant Soil 250:83-94. 10.1023/A:1022826014841
8
Cai, Y. and L.Q. Ma. 2003. Metal tolerance, accumulation, and detoxification in plants with emphasis on arsenic in terrestrial plants. ACS Symp. Ser. 835:95-114. 10.1021/bk-2003-0835.ch008
9
Chan, K.Y. and Z. Xu. 2009. Biochar: Nutrient properties and their enhancement. p. 67-84. In J. Lehmann and S. Joseph (ed.) Biochar for environmental management: Science and technology, Earthscan, Clerkenwell, UK.
10
Curtin, D., C.A. Campbell, and D. Messer. 1996. Prediction of titratable acidity and soil sensitivity to pH change. J. Environ. Qual. 25:1280-1284. 10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060016x
11
DIN (German Standards Institute). 1995. Soil quality - Extraction of trace elements from soil using ammonium nitrate solution. DIN 19730. Beuth Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
12
El-Azeem, A., A.M. Samy, M. Ahmad, A.R. Usman, K.R. Kim, S.E. Oh, and Y.S. Ok. 2013. Changes of biochemical properties and heavy metal bioavailability in soil treated with natural liming materials. Environ. Earth Sci. 70:3411-3420. 10.1007/s12665-013-2410-3
13
Gu, B.W., M.J. Kim, and S.J. Park. 2017. Application of zeolite with different cation exchange capacity for the stabilization of heavy metals in upland soil. J. Korean Soc. Agric. Eng. 59:41-49. 10.5389/KSAE.2017.59.5.041
14
Hong, C.O., S.Y. Kim, and P.J. Kim. 2011. Effect of phosphate fertilizer and manure in reducing cadmium phytoavailability in radish-grown soil. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 30(3):261-267. 10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.3.261
15
Hong, Y.K., J.W. Kim, and S.C. Kim. 2021. Comparing heavy metal pollution in agricultural field located at the industrial complex with calculation of pollution index. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 54(1):10-19. 10.7745/KJSSF.2021.54.1.010
16
Hur, J.H. and S.W. Jeong. 2011. Effect of water-thoroughly-rinsing in the artificially metal-contaminated soil preparation on final soil metal concentrations. J. Korean Soc. Agric. Eng. 33:670-676. 10.4491/KSEE.2011.33.9.670
17
Jang, H., S. Lee, J. Moon, and C. Park. 2010. Growth of Syngonium podophyllum in drainless containers fitted with drainage layers. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 28:192-199.
18
Jin, H.O., M.J. Lee, Y.O. Sin, J.J. Kim, and S.G. Jeon. 2002. Forest soils. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, Korea.
19
John, M.K., C.J. VanLaerhoven, and H.H. Chuah. 1972. Factors affecting plant uptake and phytotoxicity of cadmium added to soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 6:1005-1009. 10.1021/es60071a008
20
Jung, G.B., W.I. Kim, J.S. Lee, J.D. Shin, J.H. Kim, and J.T. Lee. 2006. Availability of heavy metals in soil and their translocation to water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica DC.) cultivated near industrial complex. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 25:323-330. 10.5338/KJEA.2006.25.4.323
21
Kang, S.W., J.S. Cho, H.T. Kim, D.C. Seo, and S.D. Moon. 2016. Effect of sesame straw biochar application on soil physics and nitrous oxide emission in upland soil. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 49:259-264. 10.7745/KJSSF.2016.49.3.259
22
Khan, S., C. Chao, M. Waqas, H.P.H. Arp, and Y.G. Zhu. 2013. Sewage sludge biochar influence upon rice (Oryza sativa L) yield, metal bioaccumulation and greenhouse gas emissions from acidic paddy soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47:8624-8632. 10.1021/es400554x23796060
23
Kim, K.R., G. Owens, R. Naidu, and K.H. Kim. 2007. Assessment techniques of heavy metal bioavailability in soil - A critical review. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40:864-871.
24
Kim, K.R., J.S. Park, M.S. Kim, N.I. Koo, S.H. Lee, J.S. Lee, and J.G. Kim. 2010. Changes in heavy metal phytoavailability by application of immobilizing agents and soil cover in the upland soil nearby abandoned mining area and subsequent metal uptake by red pepper. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43:864-871.
25
Kumpiene, J., A. Lagerkvist, and C. Maurice. 2008. Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments - A review. Waste Manage. 28:215-225. 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.01217320367
26
Lee, C.H., D.K. Lee, M.A. Ali, and P.J. Kim. 2008. Effects of oyster shell on soil chemical and biological properties and cabbage productivity as a liming materials. Water Manage. 28:2702-2708. 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.12.00518294833
27
Lee, I.J. 2004. Effect of carbonization temperature on the surface structure and properties of wood charcoal. Appl. Chem. Eng. 8:442-445.
28
Lee, J.H., D. Luyima, J.Y. Ahn, S.Y. Park, B.S. Choi, T.K. Oh, and C.H. Lee. 2019. Effect of different biochar formulations on the growth of cherry tomatoes. Korean J. Agric. Sci. 46:931-939. 10.7744/kjoas.20190075
29
Lehmann, J. 2007. A handful of carbon. Nature 447:143-144. 10.1038/447143a17495905
30
Li, H., X. Dong, E.B. da Silva, L.M. de Oliveira, Y. Chen, and L.Q. Ma. 2017. Mechanisms of metal sorption by biochars: Biochar characteristics and modifications. Chemosphere 178:466-478. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.07228342995
31
Lim, J.E., H.W. Kim, S.H. Jeong, S.S. Lee, J.E. Yang, K.H. Kim, and Y.S. Ok. 2014. Characterization of burcucumber biochar and its potential as an adsorbent for veterinary antibiotics in water. Appl. Biol. Chem. 57:65-72. 10.3839/jabc.2014.011
32
Lim, J.E., M. Ahmad, S.S. Lee, C.L. Shope, Y. Hashimoto, K.R. Kim, and Y.S. Kim. 2013. Effects of lime-based waste materials on immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium and lead in contaminated soil. Clean: Soil, Air, Water 41:1235-1241. 10.1002/clen.201200169
33
Lindsay, W.L. 1979. Chemical equilibria in soils. pp. 316-326. The Blackburn Press, New Jersey, USA.
34
Mohan, D., A. Sarswat, Y.S. Ok, and Jr.C.U. Pittman. 2014. Organic and inorganic contaminants removal from water with biochar, a renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbent - A critical review. Bioresour. Technol. 160:191-202. 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.12024636918
35
NAAS. 2019. Fertilization standard of crops. National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea.
36
NIAST. 2000. Methods of soil and plant analysis. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon, Korea.
37
Noh, Y.D., K.R. Kim, W.I. Kim, K.Y. Jung, and C.O. Hong. 2015. Effect of soil chemical properties on phytoavailability of arsenic, cadmium and lead in medicinal plant fields. J. Agric. Life Sci. 49(5):267-277. 10.14397/jals.2015.49.5.267
38
Ok, Y.S., A.R. Usman, S.S. Lee, S.A. El-Azeem, B. Choi, Y. Hashimoto, and J.E. Yang. 2011. Effects of rapeseed residue on lead and cadmium availability and uptake by rice plants in heavy metal contaminated paddy soil. Chemosphere 85:677-682. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.07321764102
39
Ok, Y.S., S.E. Oh, M. Ahmad, S. Hyun, K.R. Kim, D.H. Moon, and J.E. Yang. 2010. Effects of natural and calcined oyster shells on Cd and Pb immobilization in contaminated soils. Environ. Earth Sci. 61:1301-1308. 10.1007/s12665-010-0674-4
40
Park, J.H., J.J. Yun, S.W. Kang, S.H. Kim, J.S. Cho, J.J. Wang, and D.C. Seo. 2021a. Removal of potentially toxic metal by biochar derived from rendered solid residue with high content of protein and bone tissue. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 208:d111690. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.11169033396022
41
Park, J.H., S.W. Kang, J.J. Yun, S.G. Lee, S.H. Kim, J.S. Beak, and J.S. Cho. 2021b. Effects of co-application of biochars and composts on lettuce growth. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 54(2):151-160. 10.7745/KJSSF.2021.54.2.151
42
Seo, D.C., S.W. Kang, I.W. Choi, H.H. Sung, T.Y. Hur, J.Y. Yoo, and J.S. Cho. 2011. Evaluation of fertilizer value of animal cadavers for agricultural recycling. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44:788-793. 10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.5.788
43
Seo, Y.J., D.C. Se, I.W. Choi, S.W. Kang, S.G. Lee, H.H. Sung, and J.S. Cho. 2012. Degradation rate and velocity under different acidic and alkaline degradation agents for liquid fertilizer of rendering by-product. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 45:810-816. 10.7745/KJSSF.2012.45.5.810
44
Siebers, N., F. Godlinski, and P. Leinweber. 2014. Bone char as phosphorus fertilizer involved in cadmium immobilization in lettuce, wheat, and potato cropping. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 177:75-83. 10.1002/jpln.201300113
45
Sun, L., S. Wan, and W. Luo. 2013. Biochars prepared from anaerobic digestion residue, palm bark, and eucalyptus for adsorption of cationic methylene blue dye: Characterization, equilibrium, and kinetic studies. Bioresour. Technol. 140:406-413. 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.11623714096
46
Thomas, G.W. and W.L. Hargrove. 1984. The chemistry of soil acidity. p. 3-56. In F. Adams (ed.) Soil acidity and liming. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, USA. 10.2134/agronmonogr12.2ed.c1
47
Uchimiya, M., L.H. Wartelle, I.M. Lima, and K.T. Klasson. 2010. Sorption of deisopropylatrazine on broiler litter biochars. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:12350-12356. 10.1021/jf102152q21049997
48
Zhang, P., X. Zhang, X. Yuan, R. Xie, and L. Han. 2021. Characteristics, adsorption behaviors, Cu (II) adsorption mechanisms by cow manure biochar derived at various pyrolysis temperatures. Bioresour. Technol. 331:125013. 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.12501333773414
49
Zhao, X.L. and S. Masaihiko. 2007. Amelioration of cadmium polluted paddy soils by porous hydrated calcium silicate. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 183:309-315. 10.1007/s11270-007-9379-z
50
Zheng, R.L., C. Cai, J.H. Liang, Q. Huang, Z. Chen, Y.Z. Huang, and G.X. Sun. 2012. The effects of biochars from rice residue on the formation of iron plaque and the accumulation of Cd, Zn, Pb, As in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Chemosphere 89:856-862. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.00822664390
51
Zhuang, P., M.B. McBride, H. Xia, N. Li, and Z. Li. 2009. Health risk from heavy metals via consumption of food crops in the vicinity of Dabaoshan mine, South China. Sci. Total Environ. 407(5):1551-1561. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.06119068266
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국토양비료학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국토양비료학회 학회지
  • Volume : 56
  • No :4
  • Pages :533-543
  • Received Date : 2023-11-02
  • Revised Date : 2023-11-22
  • Accepted Date : 2023-11-30
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2023.56.4.533
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
KJSSF Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close