All Issue

2019 Vol.52, Issue 2 Preview Page

Original research article

Effect of Subsoil Breaking on Improvement of Soil Physical Properties in Agricultural Land
Yong-Seon Zhang1
,
Dong-Jin Kim1∗
,
Kang-Ho Jung1
,
Hee-Rae Cho1
,
Kyung-Hwa Han1
,
Hyub-Sung Lee1
1Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration
∗Corresponding Author
31 May 2019. pp. 133-142
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

When the hardpan is formed in the soil, crop productivity reduces due to inhibition of crop root growth, water permeability, and capillary rise, for that reason, improvement of soil physical properties is needed. Therefore, this study investigated the soil physical properties after application of various subsoil breaking method to agricultural lands to establish the effect of improving soil physical properties by subsoil breaking. The penetration resistance of the soils treated with spading (in Wanju), aeration (in Sancheong), and deep plowing (in Namwon) was lower than that of the control soil treated with conventional plowing. However, the penetration resistance of the soils treated with excavation (in Andong) and towing (in Chungju) was higher than that of the control soil. The effect of improving the soil physical properties such as increasing effective soil depth, decreasing bulk density, and increasing permeability observed in the soil subjected to spading, aeration, and deep plowing. Although, in soil treated with excavation and towing methods, it was found that the physical properties such as increasing bulk density and decreasing permeability were deteriorated due to re-compaction such as the formation of a platy structure on the topsoil by using unsuitable agricultural machinery after subsoil breaking. Therefore, the subsoil breaking cycle should be decided depending on the presence or absence of the soil hardpan in consideration of soil management histories, such as the soil moisture condition and the type and use period of agricultural machinery after subsoil breaking.

Infiltration rate on the plow pan as affected by different subsoil breaking method.

Plot ID† Treatment Infiltration rate (cm hr-1) Infiltration class (Donahue et al., 1977)
WJ-SP Pan-breaking to 50 cm depth with spading machine 2.5 Moderate
WJ-CP Conventional plowing to 15 cm depth 2.0 Moderate
SC-AR Pan-breaking to 50 cm depth with air-pressure pan-breaker 98.2 Very rapid
SC-CP Conventional plowing to 15 cm depth 4.1 Moderately rapid
AD-EX Pan-breaking to 100 cm depth with excavator 0.6 Moderately slow
AD-CP Conventional plowing to 15 cm depth 1.4 Moderately slow
NW-DP Pan-breaking to 30 cm depth with deep plow 8.7 Moderately rapid
NW-CP Conventional plowing to 15 cm depth 2.0 Moderate
CJ-TW Pan-breaking to 50 cm with towed pan-breaker 17.6 Rapid
CJ-TW Conventional plowing to 15 cm depth 64.5 Very rapid

†WJ-SP, spading in Wanju-gun; WJ-CP, conventional plowing in Wanju-gun; SC-AR, aeration in Sancheong-gun; SC-CP, conventional plowing in Sancheong-gun; AD-EX, excavation in Andong-si; AD-CP, conventional plowing in Andong-si; NW-DP, deep plowing in Namwon-si; NW-CP, conventional plowing in Namwon-si; CJ-TW, towing in Chungju-si; CJ-CP, conventional plowing in Chungju-si.

Keywords
Conventional plowing
Infiltration rate
Penetration resistance
Soil physical property
Subsoil breaking

References
1
ASABE Standards. 2006. ASAE S313.3: Soil cone penetrometer. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineer, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
2
Donahue, R.I., R.W. Miller, and J.C. Shickluna. 1977. Soils : An introduction to soils and plant growth. Prentice Hill, Englewood, New Jersey.
10.1097/00010694-197804000-00019
3
Ehlers, W., V. Popke, F. Hesse, and W. Bohm. 1983. Penetration resistance and root growth of oats in tilled and untilled loam soil. Soil Till. Res. 3:261-275.
10.1016/0167-1987(83)90027-2
4
Grossman, R.B. and F.J. Carlisle. 1969. Fragipan soils of the Eastern United States. Adv. Agron. 21:237-239.
10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60099-1
5
Hillel, D. 1982. Introduction to soil physics. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
10.1016/B978-0-08-091869-3.50005-6
6
Imhoff, S., A.P. da Silva, and D. Fallow. 2004. Susceptibility to compaction, load support capacity and soil compressibility of Hapludox. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:17-24.
10.2136/sssaj2004.1700
7
Kay, B.D. 1990. Rates of change of soil structure under different cropping systems. Advances in Soil Science 12. Springer, New York, NY, USA.
8
Keller, T. and I. Hakansson. 2010. Estimation of reference bulk density from soil particle size distribution and soil organic matter content. Geoderma. 154:398-406.
10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.013
9
Kim, L.Y. and I.S. Jo. 1998. Soil physics. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 31(S.I):7-18.
10
Kim, L.Y., H.J. Cho, B.K. Hyun, and W.P. Park. 2001. Effects of physical improvement practices at plastic film house soil. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 34(2):92-97.
11
Kok, H., R.K. Taylor, R.E. Lamond, and S. Kessen. 1996. Soil compaction: problems and solutions. Cooperative extension service (AF-115), Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
12
Larson, W.E., S.C. Gupta, and R.A. Useche. 1980. Compression of agricultural soils from eight soil orders. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44:450-457.
10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400030002x
13
Lebert, M. and R. Horn. 1991. A method to predict the mechanical strength of agricultural soils. Soil Till. Res. 19:275-286.
10.1016/0167-1987(91)90095-F
14
Lee, J.H. and J.J. Doolittle. 2004. Measurement of phosphorus buffering power in various soils using desorption isotherm. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 37(4):220-227.
15
Min, K.B., J.J. Kim, S.J. Cho, and J.N. Im. 1983. The effects of subsoiling at different depths and spacings on physical properties of soil and rice yields. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 16(3):228-234.
16
NAAS. 2010. Methods of soil chemical analysis. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea.
17
NIAST. 2000. Taxonomical classification of Korean soils. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon, Korea.
18
Ogbodo, E.N. 2005. Effect of depth of tillage on soil physical conditions, growth and yield of sweet potato in an ultisol at abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. J. Agric. Soc. Res. 5(1):41-47.
10.4314/jasr.v5i1.2827
19
Raghavan, G.S., V.E. Mckyes, F. Taylor, P. Richard, and A. Watson. 1979. The relationship between machinery traffic and corn yield reductions in successive years. Trans. ASAE. 22(4):1256-1259.
10.13031/2013.35194
20
Raven, K.P. and L.R. Hossner. 1993. Phosphorus desorption quantity-intensity relationships in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:1501-1508.
10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700060018x
21
Schäffer, B., M. Stauber, R. Muller, and R. Schulin. 2007. Changes in the macro-pore structure of restored soil caused by compaction beneath heavy agricultural machinery: a morphometric study. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 58(5):1062-1073.
10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00886.x
22
Seo, J.H., S.B. Back, Y.U. Kwon, C.G. Kim, K.H. Jung, G.H. Jung, J.E. Lee, B.Y. Son, and S.J. Kim. 2012. Effect of subsoiling on silage maize yield on paddy field converted to upland condition. Korean J. Crop Sci. 57(4):430-435.
10.7740/kjcs.2012.57.4.430
23
Shierlaw, J. and A.M. Alston. 1984. Effect of soil compaction on root growth and uptake of phosphorus. Plant Soil. 77:15-28.
10.1007/BF02182808
24
Smith, C.W., M.A. Johnston, and S. Lorentz. 1997. Assessing the compaction susceptibility of South African forestry soils. II. Soil properties affecting compactibility and compressibility. Soil Till. Res. 43:335-354.
10.1016/S0167-1987(97)00023-8
25
Sojka, R.E., W.J. Busscher, D.T. Gooden, and W. H. Morrison. 1990. Subsoiling for sunflower production in the southeast coastal plains. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54(4):1107-1112.
10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400040031x
26
Song, H.A., K.C. Park, and S.Y. Lee. 2012. Effect of virus-free plant and subsoiling reversion soil for reduction of injury by continuous cropping of sweet Potato. Korean J. Crop Sci. 57(3):254-261.
10.7740/kjcs.2012.57.3.254
27
Steele, F., R.B. Daniels, E.E. Gamble, and L.A. Nelson. 1969. Fragipan horizons and Be masses in the middle coastal plain of North Carolina. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 33:752-755.
10.2136/sssaj1969.03615995003300050036x
28
Taylor, H.M. and H.R. Gardner. 1963. Penetration of cotton seedling tap roots as influenced by bulk density, moisture content and strength of soil. Soil Sci. 96(3):153-156.
10.1097/00010694-196309000-00001
29
USDA. 2001. Soil quality test kit guide. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA.
30
USDA. 2004. Soil survey laboratory methods manual. Soil Survey Investigation Report No. 42. Version 4.0. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC, USA.
31
Zhang, Y.S., Y.H. Moon, Y.K. Sonn, K.H. Jung, H.R. Cho, and K.H. Han. 2015. Effect of deep ploughing with a spading machine and an excavator on improvement of physical properties in the highland applied saprolite. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 48(5):564-569.
10.7745/KJSSF.2015.48.5.564
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국토양비료학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국토양비료학회 학회지
  • Volume : 52
  • No :2
  • Pages :133-142
  • Received Date : 2019-04-24
  • Revised Date : 2019-05-14
  • Accepted Date : 2019-05-27
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2019.52.2.133
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
KJSSF Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close